手动构建自己的docker容器镜像实战

美工学习 · 发表于 2023-12-3 15:49:20

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之前的实战中，我们实战中，我们使用的镜像都是镜像仓库已有的镜像。已有的镜像都是别人已经开发好上传的。今天我们一起来看看如何构建自己的镜像并上传到镜像仓库中。

一. 设置docker构建镜像的环境

使用docker commit命令进行镜像的构建

1.1 commit 命令的介绍

我们执行 docker help commit来查看：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker help commit
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
Aliases:
docker container commit, docker commit
Options:
-a, --author string Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
-c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
-m, --message string Commit message
-p, --pause Pause container during commit (default true)
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

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1.2 创建一个tomcat容器

拉取Tomcat的镜像
1. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
2. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
4. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker pull tomcat
5. Using default tag: latest
6. latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
7. 0e29546d541c: Pull complete
8. 9b829c73b52b: Pull complete
9. cb5b7ae36172: Pull complete
10. 6494e4811622: Pull complete
11. 668f6fcc5fa5: Pull complete
12. dc120c3e0290: Pull complete
13. 8f7c0eebb7b1: Pull complete
14. 77b694f83996: Pull complete
15. 0f611256ec3a: Pull complete
16. 4f25def12f23: Pull complete
17. Digest: sha256:9dee185c3b161cdfede1f5e35e8b56ebc9de88ed3a79526939701f3537a52324
18. Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
19. docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
20. [root@mufeng63 ~]#
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基于Tomcat的镜像创建容器
1. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker run --name mytomcat -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
2. 1f5bd6dcca0a614ec047bf3882e3fe2e4cdb17b7f343d7834145b17d1fc3c3c3
3. [root@mufeng63 ~]#
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在Tomcat中部署一个简单的页面

如果不创建页面，直接访问Tomcat是会报错的，所以这里需要手动创建一个web测试页面：

//查看正在运行的容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1f5bd6dcca0a tomcat "catalina.sh run" 53 seconds ago Up 52 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp mytomcat
// 登录Tomcat容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker exec -it 1f5bd6dcca0a /bin/bash
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt LICENSE README.md RUNNING.txt conf logs temp webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES bin lib native-jni-lib webapps work
// 创建web测试目录
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# mkdir webapps/mufeng_demo
//创建index.html
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# echo "<h1>This is mufenggrow </>" > webapps/mufeng_demo/index.html
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat#

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浏览器访问测试：使用ip+端口号/mufeng_demo/index.html进行访问：
二. 开始构建自己的镜像2.1 查看容器的ID
先要确定自己要基于哪个容器生成镜像，这里我们用Tomcat的容器来构建：
1. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker ps
2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3. 1f5bd6dcca0a tomcat "catalina.sh run" 19 minutes ago Up 19 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp mytomcat
4. [root@mufeng63 ~]#
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可以确定该容器的ID是1f5bd6dcca0a
2.2 使用命令docker commit 生成该容器的镜像，并保存在本地
1. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker commit 1f5bd6dcca0a mufeng_tomcat
2. sha256:3dbdf1f915ac9cc3210fb0e77d9f5d93f24064ac604cf12d24f602693396eed3
3. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
4. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
5. mufeng_tomcat latest 3dbdf1f915ac 9 seconds ago 680MB
6. tomcat latest fb5657adc892 15 months ago 680MB
7. [root@mufeng63 ~]#
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执行完成后，看到多了一个mufeng_tomcat 的镜像。

三. 上传镜像到镜像仓库3.1 登录docker hub

docker hub的官网地址： https://hub.docker.com/

创建存储库

你可以手动创建存储库，当然也可以不创建，我们这里默认是不创建的，上传的时候直接用mufenggrow/ 即可

3.2 创建镜像

如果要上传到镜像仓库中，需要在镜像名称前加上仓库的路径信息：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker commit 1f5bd6dcca0a mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
sha256:dc9420341e4bd06cdd7dc5881220481c9dbe8faf4d548356c6dbab265a36416b
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat latest dc9420341e4b 5 seconds ago 680MB
mufeng_tomcat latest 3dbdf1f915ac 16 minutes ago 680MB
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 15 months ago 680MB

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3.3 上传到镜像仓库

使用docker login 登录
1. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker login
2. Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
3. Username: mufenggrow
4. Password:
5. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
6. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
7. https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
9. Login Succeeded
10. [root@mufeng63 ~]#
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开始上传
1. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker push mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
2. Using default tag: latest
3. The push refers to repository [docker.io/mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat]
4. 66f50273e519: Pushed
5. 3e2ed6847c7a: Mounted from library/tomcat
6. bd2befca2f7e: Mounted from library/tomcat
7. 59c516e5b6fa: Mounted from library/tomcat
8. 3bb5258f46d2: Mounted from library/tomcat
9. 832e177bb500: Mounted from library/tomcat
10. f9e18e59a565: Mounted from library/tomcat
11. 26a504e63be4: Mounted from library/tomcat
12. 8bf42db0de72: Mounted from library/tomcat
13. 31892cc314cb: Mounted from library/tomcat
14. 11936051f93b: Mounted from library/tomcat
15. latest: digest: sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8 size: 2630
16. [root@mufeng63 ~]#
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到网页端查看
下载测试

先删除系统中已经有的包：
1. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker rmi mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
2. Untagged: mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
3. Untagged: mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat@sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8
4. Deleted: sha256:dc9420341e4bd06cdd7dc5881220481c9dbe8faf4d548356c6dbab265a36416b
5. Deleted: sha256:6d5bd3130a0c60a6075e5856fa11c8acfdab7a2252360a6fbeabdef1f83fc526
6. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker rmi mufeng_tomcat
7. Untagged: mufeng_tomcat:latest
8. Deleted: sha256:3dbdf1f915ac9cc3210fb0e77d9f5d93f24064ac604cf12d24f602693396eed3
9. Deleted: sha256:ea120c9388c452a6f215f1761b5981e40370e74b68d1886237e0931ce33a45f3
10. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
11. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
12. tomcat latest fb5657adc892 15 months ago 680MB
13. [root@mufeng63 ~]#
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下载镜像包
1. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker search mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
2. NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
3. mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat 0
4. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker pull mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
5. Using default tag: latest
6. latest: Pulling from mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
7. 0e29546d541c: Already exists
8. 9b829c73b52b: Already exists
9. cb5b7ae36172: Already exists
10. 6494e4811622: Already exists
11. 668f6fcc5fa5: Already exists
12. dc120c3e0290: Already exists
13. 8f7c0eebb7b1: Already exists
14. 77b694f83996: Already exists
15. 0f611256ec3a: Already exists
16. 4f25def12f23: Already exists
17. 5a8cdbad1b10: Pull complete
18. Digest: sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8
19. Status: Downloaded newer image for mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
20. docker.io/mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
21. [root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
22. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
23. mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat latest dc9420341e4b 24 minutes ago 680MB
24. tomcat latest fb5657adc892 15 months ago 680MB
25. [root@mufeng63 ~]#
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可以看到，我们自己构建的镜像，已经可以下载了。这样就可以了

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